ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF BIRD COMMUNITIES IN URBAN PARKS IN LVIV, UKRAINE: PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY AND COMPOSITION VARIABILITY
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1302.598
Abstract
Species and numeric composition of bird communities were analyzed in parks of Lviv based on results of monthly censuses on 20 linear transects on eight study plots. During the year, 79 bird species that belong to eight taxonomic orders were registered Birds’ diversity was assessed by species number and Simpson index and it varies throughout the year and denotes higher level during the breeding season. Similarly, birds’ density is the highest in breeding season, but it also has a less expressed peak in winter period. This shows that biotopical preferences to be presented in urban greenery of particular birds are especially notable only while breeding, but in non-breeding season those birds stay resident in scale of the city though disperse in other habitat types. Between-months, stability of species composition (assessed by Jaccard index) and numeric composition (by Bray–Curtis index) was analyzed. Communities were the most stable during the breeding season as birds are related to their nesting sites. According to zoogeographic classification, European species dominate during all months. Siberian, Transpalearctic and Mediterranean species also play role in forming of the community structure. The main food resources type which compensates energy demands of birds during the breeding season is invertebrates; this shows the importance of birds in controlling the abundance of invertebrates in urban ecosystems. Seeds are also important food resource types, especially during the non-breeding period. Abundance variability of part of species is related with season. Three main groups of these species were defined: breeding migrants (mainly songbirds such as Fringilla coelebs, Erithacus rubecula, Sylvia atricapilla, Phylloscopus collybita etc., also Columba palumbus), wintering migrants (Spinus spinus, Turdus viscivorus, Bombycilla garrulus, Pyrrhula pyrrhula) and residents (typical synanthropic species whose numbers vary: Turdus merula, Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Troglodytes troglodytes, Cyanistes caeruleus etc.). The last ones, probably, migrate in non-breeding seasons to other habitat types, that can explain their abundance variability.
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