REMOTE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR MICROCLIMATE PARAMETERS IN BEEHIVES

Yurii Zborivskyi, Bohdan Koman

Abstract


Background. The health and productivity of bee colonies have a direct impact on global food security, as bees contribute to the pollination of approximately 50% of the world's plant-based food resources. Traditional hive observation methods lack the precision and continuity required for effective colony management. This creates an urgent need for sophisticated remote monitoring solutions capable of continuously tracking critical environmental parameters within beehive ecosystems, including temperature, humidity, and air quality.

Materials and Methods. This study presents the development of an integrated internet-based monitoring system centered on a microcontroller platform. The system incorporates a comprehensive sensor array for multi-parameter data acquisition: gas sensors for detecting harmful substances, a temperature sensor, a particulate matter detector, and an environmental parameter sensor. Real-time data processing is achieved through a multitasking architecture, enabling concurrent sensor polling, data validation, and wireless transmission.

Results and Discussion. Comprehensive system testing validated reliable data acquisition across all monitored parameters. Temperature measurements demonstrated operational ranges from 13.75°C to 32.69°C for internal hive conditions, while humidity levels varied between 51.70% and 88.10%. Gas concentration monitoring showed stable baseline readings with normal conditions at 1.71 parts per million. Statistical correlation analysis revealed significant environmental interdependencies, including a strong positive correlation between gas sensor measurements and a pronounced negative correlation between temperature and humidity parameters, confirming expected environmental relationships within the hive microclimate.

Conclusion. The developed IoT-based beehive monitoring system, built on the ESP32 microcontroller, demonstrated stable and energy-efficient performance during continuous field testing. The system recorded internal hive temperatures ranging from 13.75 °C to 32.69 °C, humidity levels from 51.70% to 88.10%, and gas concentrations of 1.71 ppm (MQ-6) and 0.37 ppm (MQ-135) under normal conditions.

Keywords: Beehive monitoring, IoT, embedded systems, microclimate parameters, cloud computing, real-time data.


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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/eli.31.11

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