FLOWERING DYNAMICS IN THE TRIMORPHIC SPECIES OF LYTHRUM SALICARIA L. (LYTHRACEAE)

A. Odintsova, O. Bilyk, K. Motiuk


DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.0901.412

Abstract


Flowering in the population of Lythrum salicaria in the Yavorivskiy district of Lviv region lasts for about 70 days from the end of June till the beginning of September. Flowering period of the long-styled individuals lasts 30 days, middle-styled indivi­duals – 32 days, and short-styled individuals – 26 days. In the studied population, the ratio of flowering plants of different morphs changes in time: flowering long-styled individuals prevail at the beginning of the population flowering, middle-styled indivi­duals – at the time of mass flowering and short-styled individuals – at the end of flowering period. The percentage of dominant flowering morph in each phase of the population flowering can reach about 70 %. The prevalence of the middle-styled morph during mass flowering and the longest flowering period seem to be the features responsible for maximal seed production of this morph and for the highest chance to be cross- and self-pollinated. Short flowering period of the short-styled morph and its prevalence at the end of the flowering in population could be regarded as the features enhancing autogamy and also is responsible for the lowest seed production. The differentiated flowering dynamics of the morphs is considered to be the mode which optimizes the legitimate pollination of each morph in the defined phases of the flowering period.


Keywords


purple loosestrife, trimorphism, flowering, morph ratio, pollination, xenogamy, autogamy

Full Text:

PDF

References


1. Barrett S.C.H. Heterostylous generic polymorphisms: model systems for evolutionary analysis. Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 15. Evolution and Functions of Heterostyly. Ed. by S.C.H. Barrett. Berlin, Springer, 1992. 1-29.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86656-2_1

2. Barrett S.C.H. The evolutionary biology of tristyly. Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology. Eds. D. Futuyma & J. Antonovics. 1993. 9: 283-326. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.

3. Barrett S.C.H. The evolution of plant sexual diversity. Nature, 2002; 3: 274-284.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg776
PMid:11967552

4. Barrett S.C.H., Ness R.W., Vallejo-Marin M. Evolutionary pathways to self-fertilization in a tristylous plant species. New Phytol, (2009) 183: 546-556.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02937.x
PMid:19594695

5. Barrett S.C.H., Shore J.S. New insights on heterostyly: comparative biology, ecology and genetics. V.E. Franklin-Tong (ed.) Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants - Evolution, Diversity, and Mechanisms. Berlin Heidelberg Springer-Verlag, 2008. 3-32.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68486-2_1
PMid:18289396

6. Cheung М., Sаttlеr R. Еаrlу flоrаl development оf Lythrum sаlісаrіа. Саn. J. Воt, 1967; 45: 1609-1618.
https://doi.org/10.1139/b67-167

7. Colautti R.I., White N.A., Barrett S.C.H. Variation of self-incompatibility within invasive populations of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) from eastern North America. Int. J. Plant Sci, 2010; 171(2): 158-166.
https://doi.org/10.1086/649023

8. Darwin C. The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species. London: John Murray, 1877.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46988

9. Eckert C.G., Barrett S.C.H. Stochastic loss of style morphs from populations of tristylous Lythrum salicaria and Decodon verticillatus (Lythraceae). Evolution, 1992; 46(4): 1014-1029.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00616.x
PMid:28564411

10. Eckert C.G., Manicacci D., Barrett S.C.H. Frequency-dependent selection on morph ratios in tristylous Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae). Heredity, 1996; 77: 581-588.
https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1996.185

11. Faegri K., van der Pijl L. The principles of pollination ecology. London: Pergamon Press, 1979. 381 р.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-023160-0.50006-2

12. Golubev V.N., Volokitin Y.S. Main principles and mechanisms of dynamical ecology of flowering plants pollination. Collected Sci. Works of the State Nikitski Bot. Gard, 1986; 98: 7-28. (In Russian)

13. Golubev V.N., Volokitin Y.S. Instructions for the study of anthecological features of the flowering plants. Morphological description of the reproductive structure. Yalta: Nіkіtskyi Botanical Garden,1986. 43 p. (In Russian)

14. Golubev V.N., Volokitin Y.S. Instructions for the study of anthecological features of the flowering plants. Functional-ecological organisation principles of the reproductive structure. Yalta: Nіkіtsky Botanical Garden, 1986. 37 p. (In Russian)

15. Hermann B.P., Mal T.K., Williams R.J., Dollahon N.R. Quantitative evaluation of stigma polymorphism in a tristylous weed, Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae). Amer. J. Bot, 1999; 86(8): 1121-1129.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2656975

16. Montague J.L., Barrett S.C., Eckert C.G. Re-establishment of clinal variation in flowering time among introduced populations of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria, Lythraceae). J. Evol. Biol, 2008; 21(1): 234-245.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01456.x
PMid:18028354

17. Ponomarev A.N. The study of flowering and pollination. Field Geobotany / Ed. E.M. Lavrenko and A.A. Korchagin. Moscow; Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1960; 2: 9-19. (In Russian)

18. Sheremetiev С.Н. On the adaptive significance of the sexual dimorphism in flowering plants. Botanical Journal, 1983; 68(5): 561-571. (In Russian)

19. Volkova O.А., Severova E.E., Polevova S.V. Sporoderm development in Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae). Bull. Moscow Soc. of Naturalists. Biol. Ser. 2012. 117(5): 57-63. (In Russian)

20. Waites A.R., Ågren J. Stigma receptivity and effects of prior self-pollination on seed set in tristylous Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae). Amer. J. Bot, 2006; 93(1): 142-147.
https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.93.1.142


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2015 Studia biologica

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.