ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF NEPHILA CLAVATA VENOM AND TOXIN INFLUENCE ON HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONAL MEMBRANES AFTER PRETREATMENT WITH ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE PROTEASES

O. M. Klyuchko


DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1403.626

Abstract


Background. The use of Arthropodae toxins for electrophysiological experiments is very important, but experimental data in this regard are scarce. The aim of this study was to obtain experimental data about the influence of Nephila clavata spider venom and its main active component – toxin JSTX-3 on the glutamate channel-receptor complex.
Methods. Kainate was used as agonist of glutamate channel-receptor complex because it initiated non-inactivated transmembrane electric currents in rat hippocampal membranes in electrophysiological experiments were used for the study. All chemicals were applied to perfused hippocampal pyramidal neuronal membranes using ’concentration-clamp’ technique and voltage-clamp recording.
Results and discussion. The studied substances – integral venom and toxin JSTX-3 – demonstrated the properties of glutamate channel-receptor complex antagonists. The amplitudes of electric transmembrane currents activated by glutamate, kaina­te, and quisqualate decreased (sometimes to zero) after the application of glutamate channel-receptor complex antagonists to the rat hippocampal membrane under the voltage-clamp conditions. The kinetics of activation and desensitization (in case of glutamate and quisqualate) of transmembrane electric currents were not affected by these antagonists.
The effects of Nephila clavata integral venom were studied the in concentrations of 10-8–10-4 units/µL, the effects of JSTX-3 – in the concentrations of 10-6–10-5 mol/L. Integral venom did not block the studied currents completely, but it reduced their amplitudes to a certain level. Integral venom blocked glutamate-activated currents up to 36±15 % of the initial values, kainate-activated – up to 34±16 %. In contrast, JSTX-3 almost completely blocked ion currents activated by these agonists at the holding potential of -100 mV: the amplitudes of kainate-activated currents under the action of this blocker decreased to 6±3 % of the initial values. Integral venom blocking effects were irreversible in contrast to partially reversible JSTX-3 action. The differences between antagonists were also revealed in the quantitative characteristics of blocking action.
The following effects were studied under the antagonists’ influence: the degree of currents suppression and their removal by “washing”, “dose–effect” dependency, the antagonists’ influence on activated and inactivated receptors; kinetics of the antagonists’ action and removal, dissociation constants for blockers with reversible action.
Conclusions about the mechanisms of the antagonists’ influence on the glutamate channel-receptor complex, the physiological role of integral venom and JSTX-3 as well as comparison of the caused effects were made. The influence of Aspergillus oryzae proteases pretreatment during hippocampal neurons preparation for experiments, and the creation of a physical model of the molecular system “glutamate channel-receptor complex – glutamate – antagonist – proteases” are discussed.


Keywords


Araneidae, venom, toxin, glutamate receptor antagonists, transmembrane electric current

Full Text:

PDF

References


1. Akaike N., Kawai N., Kiskin N.I., Kljuchko E.M., Krishtal O.A., Tsyndrenko A.Ya. Spider toxin blocks excitatory amino acid responses in isolated hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Neurosci. Lett., 1987; 79: 326-330.
CrossrefGoogle Scholar

2. Aramaki Y., Yashuhara T., Higashijima T., Yoshioka M, Miwa A. Kawai N., Nakajima T. Chemi­cal characterization of spider toxins JSTX and NSTX. Proc. Japan Academy, 1986; 62(9): 359-362.
CrossrefGoogle Scholar

3. Bateman A., Boden P., Dell A., Duce I.R., Quicke D.L., Usherwood P.N.R. Postsynaptic block of a glutaminergic synapse by low molecular weight fraction of spider venom. Brain Res., 1985; 339(2): 237-244.
CrossrefGoogle Scholar

4. Biner O., Trachsel C., Moser A., Kopp L., Langenegger N., Kämpfer U., von Ballmoos C., Nentwig W., Schürch S., Schaller J., Kuhn-Nentwig L. Isolation, N-glycosylations and Function of a Hyaluronidase-Like Enzyme from the Venom of the Spider Cupiennius salei. PLoS One, 2015; 10(12): e0143963.
CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

5. Budd T., Clinton P., Dell A., Duce I.R., Johnson S.J., Quicke D.L.J., Usherwood P.N.R., Usoh G. Isolation and characterisation of glutamate receptor antagonists from venoms of orb-web spiders. Brain Res., 1988; 448(2): 30-39.
CrossrefGoogle Scholar

6. Casewell N.R., Wüster W., Vonk F.J., Harrison R.A., Fry B.G. Complex cocktails: the evolutionary novelty of venoms. Trends Ecol Evol, 2013; 28(4): 219-29.
CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

7. Cavigliasso F., Mathé-Hubert H., Kremmer L., Rebuf C., Gatti J.L., Malausa T., Colinet D., Poirié M. Rapid and Differential Evolution of the Venom Composition of a Parasitoid Wasp Depending on the Host Strain. Toxins (Basel), 2019; 11(11); 629.
CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

8. Cordell G.A., Brossi A. (Eds.). Chemistry and Pharmacology. The Alkaloids. USA: Acade­mic Press, 1994. 280 p.

9. Daly N.L., Wilson D. Structural diversity of arthropod venom toxins. Toxicon, 2018; 152: 46-56.
CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

10. Friedel T., Nentwig W. Immobilising and lethal effects of spider venoms on the cockroach and the common meal beetle. Toxicon, 1989; 27(3): 305-316.
CrossrefGoogle Scholar

11. Grishin E. Spider toxins active on purinergic P2X3 receptor. Toxicon, 2016; 116: 72.
CrossrefGoogle Scholar

12. Grishin E.V., Volkova T.M., Arseniev A.S. Antagonists of glutamate receptors from the venom of Argiope lobata spider. Bioorganicheskaya chimia, 1988; 14(7): 883-892. (In Russian)

13. Grishin E.V., Volkova T.M. Arsenyev A.S., Reshetova O.S., Onoprienko V.V., Magazanik L.G., Antonov S.M., Fedorova I.M. Structural and functional characteristics of argiopin - ion channel blocker from venom of spider Argiope lobata. Bioorganicheskaya chimia, 1986; 12(8): 1121-1124. (In Russian)

14. Hashimoto Y., Endo Y., Shudo K., Aramaki Y., Kawai N., Nakajima T. Synthesis of spider toxin JSTX-3 and its analogs. Tetrah. Lett., 1987; 28(30): 3511-3514.
CrossrefGoogle Scholar

15. Herzig V. Arthropod assassins: Crawling biochemists with diverse toxin pharmacopeias. Toxi­con, 2019; 158: 33-37.
CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

16. Jackson H., Usherwood F.N.R. Spider toxins as tools for dissecting elements of excitatory amino acids transmission. Trends in Neurosci., 1988; 11(6): 278-283.
CrossrefGoogle Scholar

17. Jankovic J., Albanese A., Atassi M.Z., Dolly J.O., Hallett M., Mayer N.H. Botulinum Toxin E-Book: Therapeutic Clinical Practice and Science. USA: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2009. 512 p.
Google Scholar

18. Kachel H.S., Buckingham S.D., Sattelle D.B. Insect toxins - selective pharmacological tools and drug/chemical leads. Curr Opin Insect Sci, 2018; 30: 93-98.
CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

19. Kiskin N.I., Krishtal J.A., Tsyndrenko A.Ya. Excitatory amino acid receptors in hippocampal neurons: kainate fails to desensitize them. Neurosci Lett., 1986; 63(2): 225-230.
CrossrefGoogle Scholar

20. Klyuchko O. M. Method of cells' dissociation. - Patent UA 130672 U, G01N 33/00, C12Q 1/02, C12N 15/00. Priority: 27.04.18, u201804668, Issued: 26.12.2018, Bull. 24, 7 p. (In Ukrainian)

21. Klyuchko O.M., Biletsky A.Ya. Computer recognition of chemical substances based on their electrophysiological characteristics. Biotechnologia Acta, 2019; 12(5): 5-28.
CrossrefGoogle Scholar

22. Klyuchko O.M. Chemical substances from terrestrial arthropods as material for laboratory investigations. Biol. Stud., 2019: 13(1); 129-144.
CrossrefGoogle Scholar

23. Klyuchko O.M., Biletsky A.Ya., Navrotskyi D.O. Method of bio-sensor test system application. - Patent UA 129923 U, G01N33/00, G01N33/50, C12Q 1/02. Priority: 22.03.2018, u201802896, Issued: 26.11.2018, Bull. 22, 7 p. (In Ukrainian)

24. Klyuchko O.M., Tsyndrenko A.Ya. Method of dissociation of hippocampal cells. Patent USSR 1370136, С12N 5/00. Priority: 31.01.1986; Issued: 30.01.1988, Bull. 4, 3 p. (In Russian)

25. Kusano T., Suzuki H. Polyamines: A Universal Molecular Nexus for Growth, Survival, and Specialized Metabolism. USA: Springer, 2015. 336 p.
CrossrefGoogle Scholar

26. Lajoie D.M., Zobel-Thropp B.A., Delahaye J., Roberts S., Kumirov V.K., Bandarian V., Binford G.J., Cordes M.H.J. The chemistry and functional diversity of spider phospholipase D toxins. Toxicon, 2016; 116: 79.
CrossrefGoogle Scholar

27. Lee S.Y., Kim S.T., Jung J.K., Lee J.H. A comparison of spider communities in Bt and non-Bt rice fields. Environ Entomol, 2014; 43(3): 819-827.
CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

28. Murúa M.G., Vera M.A., Michel A., Casmuz A.S., Fatoretto J., Gastaminza G. Performance of Field-Collected Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strains Exposed to Different Transgenic and Refuge Maize Hybrids in Argentina. J Insect Sci, 2019; 19(6): 21.
CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

29. Rádis-Baptista G., Konno K. Arthropod Venom Components and Their Potential Usage. Toxins (Basel), 2020; 12(2): 82.
CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

30. Senji Laxme R.R., Suranse V., Sunagar K. Arthropod venoms: biochemistry, ecology and evolution. Toxicon, 2019; 158: 84-103.
CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

31. Scharff N., Coddington J.A., Blackledge T.A, Agnarsson I., Framenau V.W., Szűts T., Cheryl Y., Hayashi C.Y., Dimitrov D. Phylogeny of the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae (Araneae: Araneoidea). Cladistics, 2020; 36(1): 1-21.
CrossrefGoogle Scholar

32. Schwartz E.F., Mourão C.B., Moreira K.G., Camargos T.S., Mortari M.R. Arthropod venoms: a vast arsenal of insecticidal neuropeptides. Biopolymers, 2012; 98(4): 385-405.
CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

33. Walker A.A., Robinson S.D., Yeates D.K., Jin J., Baumann K., Dobson J., Fry B.G., King G.F. Entomo-venomics: the evolution, biology and biochemistry of insect venoms. Toxicon, 2018; 154: 15-27.
CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

34. Walker A.A., Rosenthal M., Undheim E.E.A., King G.F. Harvesting Venom Toxins from Assassin Bugs and Other Heteropteran Insects. J. Vis. Exp., 2018; (134): e57729.
CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

35. Zlotkin E. Toxins derived from Arthropod venoms specially affecting insects. In: Kerkut G. A., Gilbert L. I. (Ed.) Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985; 10: 499-546.
CrossrefGoogle Scholar


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Studia Biologica

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.