Комунікація політичний лідер – суспільство: змістові, формальні та функціональні характеристики універсально-прецедентних імен

Анотація

Background: The article deals with the study of the linguo-cultural specificity of precedent names, which has still remained beyond attention of linguists. The study of precedent names in speeches by political leaders as a realization of “political leader – society” communication shows their contextual, formal and functional characteristics in texts in Ukrainian, Polish and French.

The purpose of the article is to identify structural, contextual and functional features of universal precedent names in the texts of speeches by political leaders of the three states.

Results: The source of the study were the texts of speeches by Presidents of Ukraine (203 speeches), Poland (200 speeches) and France (198 speeches) over the period from 1991 till 2016. The article substantiates the place of universal precedent names in the system of precedent units. In particular, theoretical approaches to singling out this layer of precedent names have been analyzed. An empirical approach to singling out units of analysis has been proposed, whereby common names found in the Ukrainian, Polish and French languages become universal precedent names.

The contextual, formal and functional features of the found universal precedent names have been studied. The conducted analysis has shown that the universal precedent units represent the areas of “History” and “Religion”. The peculiarities of the formal expression and contextual environment of the names from each of the areas-sources have been studied. A conclusion has been made that the composition of the areas-sources are determined by universal features of political communication: the dominance of political topics, the orientation upon the historical past and the religious component in order to influence the addressee of the utterance. The formation of a set of universal precedent names is influenced by a common historical past (participation in World War II), common Christian values and geopolitical situations.

Keywords: sociolinguistics, political communication, “political leader – society” communication, a precedent name, universal precedent name.