LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES: CREATION HISTORY, PRESENT AND PROSPECTS
(to the 60th anniversary of the first LED)

Yuriy Korchak, Yuriy Furgala, N. Korchak

Abstract


The historical stages of development of LED technology from the moment of the first observation of electroluminescence on Сarborundum crystals to the creation of modern LED illuminators and indicators are considered in the work. Special attention is paid to the creator of the first industrial design of a light-emitting diode with radiation in the visible part of the spectrum, Nick Holonyak (1962), who is of Ukrainian origin, as well as problems in the development of a blue-emitting diode. The creation of such an LED allowed the creation of a white LED in the mid-1990s, which significantly expanded the range of uses of LED devices, in particular, for lighting.
The article describes the main advantages of LED light emitters over other radiation sources, as well as analyzes the current state and the global market of LED technology. Thanks to the characteristics of LED luminaires such as brightness, energy efficiency, long service life, minimal environmental impact, many countries today implement government programs and encourage the gradual replacement of incandescent and fluorescent lamps with LEDs. This is also facilitated by the improvement of technologies for the production of LED lamps, which causes them to become cheaper. Impressive examples of large LED screens created in Japan and China are also given. The LED market is expected to reach $24 billion by the end of 2024.
Finally, some promising areas of LED development are outlined. The first studies of nanosized LEDs have already been published, which leads to some modification of their properties with greater capabilities. If the lifetime of blue light-emitting organic materials can be sufficiently extended, new developments in the creation of displays based on organic LEDs (OLED) have great prospects. A successful solution to this problem will allow in the future the use of OLED, for example, to create transparent window screens, in particular, in car windshields for navigation while driving.

Key words: electroluminescence, injection, semiconductor LED, organic LED, LED lamp, LED screen.


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/eli.15.12

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