A WELCOMING AND HOSPITABLE STATE: POLITICAL EXILES AND REFUGEES IN INTERWAR CZECHOSLOVAKJA
Анотація
Interwar Czechoslovakja, the so called First Republic (1918–1938), enjoys a wide-spread positive image as a state which upheld democracy. This image often came to expression in the historiography in connection with its political pluralism and tolerance towards minorities. However, Prague’s efforts to engage with Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian refugees after the Bolshevik revolution should not be overlooked.
The article examines Czechoslovak refugee policy and particularly reactions to the flow of refugees from the former Tsarist Russia in the aftermath of the Bolshevik seizure of power. It directs attention to ways in which Czechoslovak refugee policy gave the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian exiles unprecedented and considerable experience of democratic co-existence, enabling them to develop their national life abroad.
There is no doubt that Czechoslovakja was, in the interwar period, an important place of refuge. The influx of migrants from the territory of the former Tsarist Russia reached its climax in the mid-1920s, numbering 25 000 people, the majority of whom were Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians. Czechoslovakja attracted them for a combination of reasons stemming from its democratic character, the interests of Czechoslovak political elites and the geographic position of the state. The Czechoslovak humanitarian project called the Russian relief act (1921) created some of the most favorable conditions for émigrés in Europe. Czechoslovakja, as one of the few countries, offered émigrés not only the opportunity to settle and start a new home here, but also to participate in the development of socio-cultural, educational, and scientific spheres. Émigré scientists and experts with their activities and creative work left their mark on the life of interwar Czechoslovakja and contributed to the mutual interaction of Czech-Slovak and Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian science and culture.
Key words: interwar Czechoslovakja, immigration policy, humanitarian relief, refugees, post-1917 revolution emigration, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian exile communities, culture in exile.Повний текст:
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