Wprowadzenie waluty radzieckiej na Ukrainie Zakarpackiej w 1945 r

Анотація

The author studies the introduction of the Soviet monetary system as an element of constructin the Soviet regime in Transcarpathian Ukraine. After Transcarpathia was liberated by the Soviet troops, all power plenipotentiaries passed to the People’s Council which transferred the control over the monetary and financial system of the region to the People’s Bank of Transcarpathian Ukraine. From the end of 1944 till November 1945, the Hungarian pengoe and the Czechoslovak koruna were used both by all the military forces and the civilian population in Transcarpathia. The researcher has revealed that the ratio of the currencies in circulation was 75-80% in pengoe and 20-25% in koruna. In November 1945, a structural monetary reform was implemented in Transcarpathia, and the Soviet currency – ruble – was introduced into circulation. The implementation of the monetary reform was already carried out by the State Bank of the USSR, but not by the People’s Bank of Transcarpathian Ukraine. The monetary reform had a confiscatory nature and affected even low-income people. Simultaneously, when the reform set new prices for consumer and industrial goods for the population, new taxes were introduced. The author compares the features and consequences of reforming the monetary system of Transcarpathian Ukraine with similar financial measures in other European countries, especially in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Austria and Hungary.