Мовна ситуація в Хорватії на тлі мовної політики в країні (ХХ–початок XXI ст.)

Анотація

Background. The researchers began to mark out the language policy as an independent sociolinguistic notion only after the World War II. The phenomenon of regulating the language relations in the countries was not new, but just in the post-war years it got its name and was scientifically and integrally rethought. Since the end of the 19th century the language policy in Croatia was determined by the language and political course of the ruling structures with a certain set of the rules of the language formation and its usage in the country. When Croatia became an independent state at the beginning of the 90s of the 20th century the language policy was directed at consolidating the status of the Croat language as an official one in the communication of its new state institutions. In planning the mastering of the language by the speakers-Croatians the means which developed the language consciousness of the communicators and freed them from the former imposed language practice were of great importance, and the main strategies of the language police was in giving the citizens the possibility to get the speech competence in the official language as soon as possible.

Purpose. The purpose of the paper and its task are to present the language situation in Croatia in the 20th-21st centuries in the context of the language policy in the country, to outline some factors that conditioned it at the beginning of the period under investigation and that are still influencing it, to determine how the normative processes in the Croat language influence the consolidation of its independence, and precisely how they affect its functioning, to define the moments connected with reviewing the language corpus.

Results. The characteristic features of the Croatian language situation and the changes which were initiated after gaining the independence affected its lexical level most obviously. Considerable resistance to the existing in the language Serbian words or Serbian word-building components which became established in the Croat language during the period of the existence of the common language has been characteristic of the Croatian language situation since the 90s of the 20th century. The revaluation of the language standard is taking place, the limits for reconsidering those compromises which existed during the period of the political dependence are determined. The socio-linguistic and sociopolitical status of the Croat language can be considered entirely defined now. The Croat language entered the 21st century with the formed standardized language though it has some problems which must be solved.

Key words: language situation, language policy, language corpus revision, lexical level.