НОВІ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ: РЕАЛЬНІСТЬ ПЛЮРАЛІСТИЧНОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА,ЧИ ГРА НА РОЗКОЛ?

Анотація

The internal factors and externally inspired causes of the regionalist, irredentist and separatist movements in modern Ukraine are analyzed in this article. Among the threats to national security and the existence of the country as a whole, problems connected with the differences between ethno, linguistic, socio-cultural and other kinds of identities of inhabitants living in different regions are distinguished. In the conditions of unfavorable social climate in the state and total mistrust of power institutions, these differences are used both by certain circles of regional elites and neighboring states in order to provoke the split of the country. The analysis of the whole complex of internal Ukrainian problems, which have been formed for a long time and became the factors of the formation of different, often opposite, identities of citizens in different regions of Ukraine is made. The tendencies of identities dynamics of Galicia and Donbass inhabitants were observed on the basis of the materials of empirical sociological research carried out during 1994–2015 by research groups from Lviv and Luhansk. Variants of threats to the unity of the state, generated by various types of regionalist and irredentist trends are singled out. The forms of manifestation of centrifugal and separatist movements in modern Ukraine are described in a rather wide range, from fantasy microstate entities (self-proclaimed “state” of the “title sovereign people” in one of the villages of Chernigiv oblast,) to the well-known separatist Donetsk and Luhansk pseudo-republics. Attempts have been made to reconstruct certain historic local communities through the prism of possible threats to the integrity of the country as well as to formulate, on their basis, not only cultural but also socio-political movements that potentially can grow into separatist, with the claims to create their own statehood: Rusyn trends in Transcarpathia, historical and cultural experiments on the renovation of the Galician community, which “was defeated as a result of the Galician principality conquest by the Volyn aggressors in the 13th century” and others.