Біологічні студії / Studia Biologica
type: channel
description: ISSN 1996-4536 (Print) ISSN 2311-0783 (Online) ISSN Center responsible for the record: CIEPS — ISSN, Record creation date: 23/12/2013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30970/sbi. Founder & Publisher: Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine Member of Ukrainian Council of Science Editors (UCSE) https://www.ucse.org.ua Editor-in-Chief: Rostyslav S. Stoika Frequency of Publishing: Quarterly* *In some cases, one joint issue (N 3–4) of the journal may be published at the end of year. In that case, the articles will appear for the preview on the journal’s website as soon as they have been accepted by the editorial board. Registration of an Entity in the Field of Print Media: Decision of the National Council on Television and Radio Broadcasting of Ukraine No. 1877 dated 30.05.2024. Media Identifier R30-04924; included in the List of Scientific Professional Editions of Ukraine, Сategory A (091 – Biological sciences) in which the results of dissertations for obtaining the scientific degrees of Doctor of Sciences, Candidate of Sciences and Doctor of Philosophy can be published according to the Resolution No 768 of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine dated by 20.06.2023. Біологічні студії / Studia Biologica publishes original research articles, review articles, brief reports, reports on technical advances, book reviews, comments on all areas of biological sciences (biochemistry, biotechnology, botany, environmental biology, genetics, medical biology, microbiology, physiology, zoology, agrobiology, etc.). Languages: Ukrainian or English, with Abstracts in both Ukrainian and English. Publication Fee: Publication in the journal Біологічні студії / Studia Biologica is free of charge! Open Access Policy: Біологічні студії / Studia Biologica adopts a platinum open access policy to published content in accordance with the principle of free dissemination of scientific information and global exchange of knowledge for common civil progress (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitia…
publisher: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка
language: en-US
publication name: Біологічні студії / Studia Biologica
issn: 1996-4536
copyright: Authors are kindly requested to sign an Open Access license agreement. All articles are distributed under Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which means that Біологічні студії / Studia Biologica’s readers are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate or display these articles provided that: 1) the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; 2) the journal and publisher are attributed as the original place of publication with correct citation details given; 3) in case an original work is subsequently reproduced or disseminated in part or as a derivative work, it should be clearly stated. Authors retain the copyright and distribution rights. They are permitted to deposit all versions of their paper in an institutional or subject repository: ● Preprint. ● Author’s Accepted Manuscript. ● Published article (Version of Record). Author Declaration should be signed by all authors (send a scan to the editor by e-mail). Download Authorship Declaration in pdf-format
items: https://publications.lnu.edu.ua/journals/index.php/biology/article/view/8955
items: EXCESS REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN EJACULATE AFFECT EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT IN VITRO WHEN ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHONOLOGIES ARE USED
items: COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF MEAT AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HEMOLYMPH IN THREE SPECIES OF CRAYFISHES
items: GENETIC LOAD IN HUMAN POPULATIONS THROUGH THE PRISM OF LOCAL INBREEDING
items: GROWTH HORMONE (GH) MUTATIONS AND SEQUENCE VARIANTS IN CHILDREN WITH GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY (GHD)
items: https://publications.lnu.edu.ua/journals/index.php/biology/article/view/7723
items: MICROFLORA AND GREASE FLEECE OF NORMAL AND FELTED WOOL SHEEP OF UKRAINIAN CARPATHIAN MOUNTAIN BREED
items: EATURES OF ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY AND THE ESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION IN ACHALASIA AND HIATAL HERNIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
items: BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF LIVER FUNCTIONAL STATE IN RATS UNDER EXPOSURE TO THE CYTOTOXIC XENOBIOTIC DIETHYL PHTHALATE
items: PHYSIOLOGICAL POSTURAL HAND TREMOR IN FEMALE STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT ANXIETY LEVELS UNDER ACADEMIC STRESS CONDITIONS
items: MICROBIAL BIOSTIMULANTS ENHANCE SOYBEAN YIELD AND SEED QUALITY UNDER HYDROTHERMAL STRESS IN ORGANIC FARMING
items: MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS WITHIN THE LAMIIDS OF THE FLORA OF UKRAINE
items: MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DIOSPYROS SPP. FRUITS FROM THE KHOROL BOTANICAL GARDEN COLLECTION
items: BIOINDICATION OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL STATE BASED ON LONDON PLANE TREE (PLATANUS × ACERIFOLIA) POLLEN ANALYSIS
items: MOSS VEGETATION OF CLASS СЕRATODONTO PURPUREI-POLYTRICHЕTEA PILIFERI MOHAN 1978 IN NATURAL AND URBAN ECOSYSTEMS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

https://publications.lnu.edu.ua/journals/index.php/biology/article/view/8955
type: item
title: EFFECT OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM СORNUS MAS L. FRUITS ON THE LEVEL OF ADVANCED GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS (AGEs) AND RECEPTORS FOR AGEs IN BLOOD PLASMA AND LEUKOCYTES OF RATS WITH STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS
description: Background. Мetabolic distortions mediated сhronic hyperglycemia lead to pathophysiological alterations in diabetes mellitus. Persistent elevation of blood glucose promotes non-enzymatic glycation of proteins and lipids, leading to the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Accumulation of AGEs reflects impaired metabolic clearance and/or excretion and is therefore considered a marker of both long-term glycemic control and oxidative-carbonyl stress in tissues. The biological effects of AGEs are largely mediated through their interaction with the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), triggering pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of bioactive compounds extracted from сornelian cherry fruits (Cornus mas L.) on AGEs and RAGEs levels in plasma and blood leukocytes of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods. Experiments were conducted in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats divided into three experimental groups. Starting on day 10 after diabetes induction, animals received oral administration of fruit extracts from сornelian cherry cultivars ‘Podolski’, ‘Yantarnyi’ & ‘Flava’, as well as the iridoid glycoside loganic acid isolated from these fruits, at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 14 consecutive days. Control and untreated diabetic rats received distilled water (1 mL per rat) by oral gavage. On day 24 of the experiment, blood samples were collected. Levels of fluorescent and non-fluorescent AGEs were determined in plasma and leukocytes. Full-length receptor for AGEs (flRAGE) expression in leukocyte membranes was assessed using an indirect immunoperoxidase assay, while plasma concentrations of the soluble form of RAGE (sRAGE) were measured by immunoblotting. Results. One of the mechanisms of the deleterious effect of high glucose level, in particular its ability to react non-enzymatically with proteins with the formation of AGEs, has been studied. An increase fo…
creator: Iryna Brodyak
creator: Nataliia Sybirna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Iryna Brodyak, Nataliia Sybirna http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
volume: 20
number: 2
starting page: 3
ending page: 20
doi: 10.30970/sbi.2002.885

EXCESS REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN EJACULATE AFFECT EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT IN VITRO WHEN ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHONOLOGIES ARE USED
type: item
description: Background. Reactive oxygen species are a necessary condition for the maturation, existence and ability of spermatozoa to fertilize the oocyte. The excess reactive oxygen species in semen can initiate pathological changes in sperm, causing oxidative damage to cell membranes, proteins, and DNA. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in standard microscopic parameters and the level of ROS in the ejaculate in men with low reproductive function, to determine the influence of paternal age on the mentioned parameters, and to establish a possible relationship between the level of ROS generated in the sperm and an early embryonic development in infertile patients. Materials and Methods. The development of the embryos from 26 married couples with combined factors of infertility was analyzed. Microscopic analysis of the ejaculate was performed according to the WHO recommendations from 2021. The level of oxidative stress in the ejaculate was analyzed using Oxisperm kits (Halotech DNA, Spain). Donor oocytes were fertilized by the method of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Embryos that reached the blastocyst stage were evaluated by morphological characteristics accor­ding to the criteria of D. Gardner (2000). Preimplantation genetic testing of blastocysts for aneuploidy was performed using the next-generation sequencing method. Statistical hypotheses were tested using the chi-square and rs criteria at significance levels of 0.05 and 0.01. Results and Discussion. The present study demonstrates the negative effect of the excess of ROS in the ejaculate on early embryo development and embryo ploidy. Increased ROS level negatively affects both total blastocyst formation rate (rs = -0.66, p = 0.00247) and euploid blastocyst formation rate (rs = -0.65, p = 0.04034). Among the infertile patients the part of men with an excess of ROS in ejaculate is significantly higher compared with sperm donors (p = 0.000063). A significant negative correlation was found betwee…
creator: Oleksandr Feskov
creator: Yevheniia Zhylkova
creator: Nataliya Chumakova
creator: Iryna Feskova
creator: Olena Yehunkova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Oleksandr Feskov, Yevheniia Zhylkova, Nataliya Chumakova, Iryna Feskova, Olena Yehunkova http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
volume: 20
number: 2
starting page: 21
ending page: 30
doi: 10.30970/sbi.2002.878

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF MEAT AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HEMOLYMPH IN THREE SPECIES OF CRAYFISHES
type: item
description: Background. Crayfish farming is a promising direction in the development of aquaculture. Compared with marine crustacean species, freshwater crayfish require lower cultivation costs, while their meat is regarded as an additive dietary delicacy with a high nutritional value. The aim of this study was to compare the morphological and physiological data (slaughter yield, taste quality, physicochemical composition of meat, and some biochemical indexes of hemolymph) of three species of adult crayfishes, i.e. Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus), narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), and marbled crayfish (Procambarus fallax forma virginalis), which were cultivated in a recirculating aquaculture system. Materials and Methods. Organoleptic and physicochemical methods were used to assess meat quality, while biochemical methods were applied to determine hemolymph parameters in the abovementioned crayfish species. Results. The results showed that the edible portion relative to live weight was 15.16 ± 0.20 % in the Australian redclaw crayfish, 12.16 ± 0,21 % in the Marbled crayfish, and 9.40 ± 0,19 % in the Narrow-clawed crayfish. The highest protein content in meat was observed in marbled crayfish (17.4 ± 0.84 %). The highest fat content was registered in Australian redclaw crayfish (0.95 ± 0.024 %); for the marble crayfish, this value was 0.9 ± 0.03 %, and for the narrow-clawed crayfish, it was 0.9 ± 0.35 %. No differences were found in carbohydrate content among the studied species; the value of this parameter was approximately 1.2 ± 0.02 % in all the crayfish species. The meat of Australian redclaw crayfish exhibited the highest energy value (76.1 ± 3.12 kcal/100 g), exceeding that of the other species by 1.3 – 2.2 kcal/100 g, marbled crayfish – 74.8 ± 3.69 kcal/100 g, and narrow-clawed crayfish ‒ 73.9 ± 3.52 kcal/100 g, respectively. In terms of hemolymph protein content, Australian redclaw crayfish showed the highest level (77.1 ± 2.87 g/L), for…
creator: Mykola Slusar
creator: Andrii Muzhenko
creator: Iryna Kovalchuk
creator: Yelyzaveta Fedorovych
creator: Oksana Ishchuk
creator: Vitaliy Mamchenko
creator: Mykola Svitelskyi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mykola Slusar, Andrii Muzhenko, Iryna Kovalchuk, Yelyzaveta Fedorovych, Oksana Ishchuk, Vitaliy Mamchenko, Mykola Svitelskyi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
volume: 20
number: 2
starting page: 31
ending page: 46
doi: 10.30970/sbi.2002.887

GENETIC LOAD IN HUMAN POPULATIONS THROUGH THE PRISM OF LOCAL INBREEDING
type: item
description: Вackground. Assessing genetic load is relevant in connection with active migration and population decline, especially in combat zones. This study aimed to analyse the dynamics of genetic disorder prevalence depending on demographic characteristics in Eastern Ukraine. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional population-based impersonal study was performed in four districts of the Kharkiv region as a typical area of Eastern Ukraine. The mean age, mean migration distance, and marital distance of women aged up to 45 years and men aged up to 55 years were assessed from district marriage records of the year 2015. The prevalence of genetic disorders among children aged 0–17 years was estimated based on district medical registries. The genetic structure of the population was estimated through the local inbreeding coefficient FST. Results and Discussion. Data for 1427 marriages and 187 children with genetic disor­ders were analysed. The mean age at marriage, mean migration distance, and marital distance were 27.8 ± 0.1 years, 179.0 ± 15.0 km, and 320.4 ± 28.4 km. Fst accounted for 0.000074–0.012949 and was up to 17.2 times greater (p = 0.0012) in rural areas than in urban ones. The overall Fst across four districts was 0.001292, representing a 1.8-fold increase (p = 0.001477) over seven years. The prevalence of 39 single-gene and 4 chromosome disorders was 0.36 % and 0.08 %, with a positive trend over time. The most common disorders were sensorineural hearing loss (1 : 859), isolated growth hormone deficiency (1 : 3438), ichthyosis vulgaris (1 : 3750), cystic fibrosis (1 : 6875), and Down syndrome (1 : 1331). The prevalence of single-gene disorders in rural populations was 4.3 times greater than in urban ones – 1.29 % and 0.30 % (р = 0.007). Fst was positively correlated with the prevalence of autosomal recessive disorders (r = 0.82, p < 0.001) and chromosomal abnormalities (ρ = 0.90, p < 0.001). Conclusion. In the region of study, an upward trend was observed in the inbree­…
creator: Iurii Sadovnychenko
creator: Valerii Miasoiedov
creator: Olena Fedota
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Iurii Sadovnychenko, Valerii Miasoiedov, Olena Fedota http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
volume: 20
number: 2
starting page: 47
ending page: 64
doi: 10.30970/sbi.2002.883

GROWTH HORMONE (GH) MUTATIONS AND SEQUENCE VARIANTS IN CHILDREN WITH GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY (GHD)
type: item
description: Background. Isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) exhibits genetic hete­rogeneity in both familial and sporadic cases. The GH1 gene is a mutational hotspot among the five genes responsible for growth hormone deficiency (GHD), frequently causing short stature. The study aimed to screen for two common GH1 gene mutations prevalent in Asian populations among Sri Lankan children with biochemically confirmed GHD, and to compare sequence variations with known variants in other populations. Methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from 10 children with confirmed GHD attending Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Colombo. PCR amplification was optimized for two primer sets targeting hotspot regions: the deletion-prone homologous flanking regions and the exon 3-intron 3-exon 4 region. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed using SmaI enzyme (to detect the common 6.7 kb deletion) and NlaIII enzyme (to detect the G>A transition at the intron 3 splice donor site). Direct DNA sequencing was subsequently conducted for variant confirmation. Results. SmaI digestion revealed heterozygous-like patterns in 3 out of 10 samples (30 %); it reflects heterozygosity or residual allele abnormalities. The remaining 7 samples (70 %) showed banding patterns identical to healthy controls. NlaIII digestion showed no mutations in any of the 10 samples (0/10, 0 %), with all patient samples displaying patterns indistinguishable from healthy DNA. Conclusion. The two mutations commonly found in Asian populations were largely absent in this Sri Lankan cohort, suggesting that short stature in this population may result from alternative GH1 mutations or other genetic variants, warranting comprehensive genomic screening studies.
creator: Uluvitike G. I. U. Kariyawasam
creator: Faiz M. M. T. Marikar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Uluvitike G. I. U. Kariyawasam, Faiz M. M. T. Marikar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
volume: 20
number: 2
starting page: 65
ending page: 80
doi: 10.30970/sbi.2002.876

https://publications.lnu.edu.ua/journals/index.php/biology/article/view/7723
type: item
title: CORRELATION BETWEEN MUTATIONAL PROFILES IN FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE GENES (gyrA AND grlA) AND PHENOTYPIC ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA)
description: Background. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is recognized as a highly significant multidrug-resistant pathogen that can lead to severe fetal infections in both humans and animals. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are considered among the antibiotics of choice used to manage MRSA infections. This study addresses rising fluoroquinolone resistance that limits treatment options. Resistance mechanisms typically involve mutations in the gyrA and grlA genes, which encode the drug’s targets. Objective: the aim of this research is to identify the genetic basis for resistance in clinical MRSA isolates. Specifically, the research focused on investigating the distribution of mutations in the gyrA and grlA genes responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance in MRSA isolates obtained from different clinical sources and assessing the correlation of these mutations with phenotypic antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods. Fifty MRSA isolates collected from various clinical specimens (burn, wound, nose, throat, urine, skin, ear, and operating room samples) were used in the study. Bacteriological methods and PCR detection of the nuc gene confirmed the identification of the isolates. Then, all of the isolates were tested against seven different antibiotics (methicillin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, and nalidixic acid) using the disk diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) tests. Twelve isolates exhibiting antibiotic resistance were selected for direct sequence analysis of the gyrA, grlA, and mecA gene regions. The relationship between mutations and resistance was analyzed statistically. Results. All isolates (100 %) carried the mecA gene, and no mutations were detected in this gene. The prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance was 24 % (12 isolates). Sequence analysis revealed mutations at eight different positions in the gyrA gene (two missense, one deletion, and five silent) and seven different positions in the grlA…
creator: Riyam Hasan Tuama
creator: Lujain Ali Ghannawi
creator: Jihad Anad Khalaf
creator: Safaa Ehssan Atta
creator: Omar Yasir Shakir
creator: Mohammed Amer Thamer
creator: Hanan Ibrahim Abdulwahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Riyam Hasan Tuama, Lujain Ali Ghannawi, Jihad Anad Khalaf, Safaa Ehssan Atta, Omar Yasir Shakir, Mohammed Amer Thamer, Hanan Ibrahim Abdulwahid http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
volume: 20
number: 2
starting page: 81
ending page: 96
doi: 10.30970/sbi.2002.881

MICROFLORA AND GREASE FLEECE OF NORMAL AND FELTED WOOL SHEEP OF UKRAINIAN CARPATHIAN MOUNTAIN BREED
type: item
description: Background. Sheep wool possesses felting properties, which form the basis of felt production. However, felting may also occur directly on the animal, resulting in wool defects. This phenomenon is particularly common in semi-coarse wool sheep of the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountain breed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of microflora and grease in the process of felt formation in ewes of this breed. Materials and Methods. The microflora of the fleece was examined using culture-based methods on dense nutrient media. The amount of grease was determined by aqueous extraction of its salts. Wax was extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography; the fatty acid composition was determined using gas–liquid chromatography after conversion to methyl esters via direct transesterification of fatty acids. Results. Fleece with felted wool, in comparison with normal fleece, is characterized by a significantly higher sweat content (P < 0.01) and greater alkalinity (P < 0.05). This creates favorable conditions for the development of bacteria (P < 0.01) and mold, which, utilizing wax in their metabolic processes, reduce its amount (P < 0.001). A decrease in esterified cholesterol (P < 0.05) and an increase in polar lipid fractions (P < 0.01) and non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0.05) indicate ongoing hydrolytic processes affecting individual wax components. Changes in fatty acid composition result in an increase in erucic acid ((13Z)-docos-13-enoic acid, C22:1 ω9) (P < 0.05) and a decrease in one unidentified fatty acid (P < 0.01) and cerotic acid (hexacosanoic acid, C26:0) (P < 0.01). The latter may act within the fleece as a natural disinfectant. The total amount of saturated fatty acids in the wax of felted wool is lower, accounting for 50.46 %, compared to 58.81 % in normal wool; conversely, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids is higher in felted wool (28.07 %) than in normal wool (16.20 %). An increased proportion of u…
creator: Vitalii Tkachuk
creator: Nataliia Motko
creator: Nataliia Ohorodnyk
creator: Andriy Boyko
creator: Bogdan Kyryliv
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vitalii Tkachuk, Nataliia Motko, Nataliia Ohorodnyk, Andriy Boyko, Bogdan Kyryliv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
volume: 20
number: 2
starting page: 97
ending page: 110
doi: 10.30970/sbi.2002.877

EATURES OF ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY AND THE ESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION IN ACHALASIA AND HIATAL HERNIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
type: item
description: Background. Esophagogastric junction motility disorders in achalasia and hiatal hernia are accompanied by alterations in the barrier function of the lower esophageal sphincter and impaired coordination of esophageal peristaltic activity. Quantitative intraluminal pressure recording enables objective assessment of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders and allows evaluation of intersegmental features of motor regulation. Materials and Methods. A total of 165 patients were examined and divided into three groups: control (n = 15), achalasia (n = 50), and hiatal hernia (n = 100). Intraluminal pressure was recorded using a pneumatic balloon fixed to an endoscopic probe. Pressure in the region of the lower esophageal sphincter and the pyloroduodenal junction was measured, as well as the amplitude and period of peristaltic and rhythmic pressure oscillations. Results are presented as Me (Q25; Q75). Intergroup comparisons were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. Results and Discussion. Pressure during the passage through the lower esophageal sphincter in the hiatal hernia group was 4.52 (1.30; 12.64) mmHg and was significantly lower than in the control group, 19.54 (18.25; 20.12) mmHg, and the achalasia group, 22.80 (9.76; 43.69) mmHg (H = 51.44; p < 0.001). The peristaltic wave period was shorter in patients with hiatal hernia than in the control group (p = 0.010). The amplitude of peristaltic and rhythmic contractions did not demonstrate statistically significant intergroup differences. Changes in motor parameters were multidirectional and depended on the nosological form. Conclusion. In this study, LES-region pressure measured during the balloon passage showed the largest intergroup contrast, caused by markedly lower values in the hiatal hernia group, and thus demonstrated the clearest between-group contrast within the applied protocol. This finding is consisten…
creator: Anastasiia Halinska
creator: Olena Severynovska
creator: Oleksii Halinskyi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anastasiia Halinska, Olena Severynovska, Oleksii Halinskyi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
volume: 20
number: 2
starting page: 111
ending page: 124
doi: 10.30970/sbi.2002.882

BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF LIVER FUNCTIONAL STATE IN RATS UNDER EXPOSURE TO THE CYTOTOXIC XENOBIOTIC DIETHYL PHTHALATE
type: item
description: Background. The widespread use of phthalates, including diethyl phthalate (DEP), in industrial and household products raises concerns about their potential hepatotoxic effects. The liver, as the central organ of detoxification and metabolism, is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of xenobiotics, especially DEP. Objective: this study aimed to assess the indicators of liver functional state in rats under exposure to the cytotoxic xenobiotic diethyl phthalate. Materials and Methods. The experiment was conducted on adult white rats, which were divided into three groups: the control group and two experimental groups that received DEP orally at doses of 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg for 21 days. Biochemical markers of hepatocyte damage and cholestasis, including the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the levels of total and direct bilirubin, as well as the albumin-to-globulin ratio, were analyzed in blood serum using standard spectrophotometric and automated methods. Results and Discussion. It was found that administration of DEP led to dose- and time-dependent changes in markers of liver functional state. At a dose of 5 mg/kg, DEP caused a significant increase in ALT and AST activity as early as on day 14 of xenobiotic exposure, indicating hepatocyte damage. By day 21 of the experiment, both doses of the xenobiotic induced a marked elevation in all studied serum markers of liver function. At the same time, increased GGT and ALP activity, along with elevated levels of total and direct bilirubin, indicated the development of cholestatic dysfunction. In addition, a decrease in the albumin-to-globulin ratio in both DEP-treated groups over three weeks indicated impaired protein-synthesizing function of the liver. Conclusion. The xenobiotic DEP induces a combined hepatocellular and cholestatic liver dysfunction in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The observed biochemical c…
creator: Oksana Ketsa
creator: Kateryna Rakhmatova
creator: Oksana Voloschuk
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Oksana Ketsa, Kateryna Rakhmatova, Oksana Voloschuk http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
volume: 20
number: 2
starting page: 125
ending page: 136
doi: 10.30970/sbi.2002.879

PHYSIOLOGICAL POSTURAL HAND TREMOR IN FEMALE STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT ANXIETY LEVELS UNDER ACADEMIC STRESS CONDITIONS
type: item
description: Background. Physiological postural tremor is considered an objective indicator of motor instability and emotional reactivity; however, its relationship with anxiety levels in female students under academic stress conditions remains insufficiently studied. Materials and Methods. The study involved 20 right-handed female students aged 18–20 years. The research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The frequency and amplitude of the physiological tremor of the right and left hands were recorded using an MPU6050 accelerometer in free and postural positions of the limb along the X-, Y-, and Z-axes. Spectral characteristics were analyzed using the fast Fourier transform. Relative change in tremor amplitude (ΔAmplitude, %) during the transition from free to postural position was calculated and analyzed using a factorial model including stress condition (module completion assessment vs no assessment), hand, and axis. Anxiety level was assessed using the validated DASS-21 questionnaire and analyzed as a continuous variable. Results. Moving the hand from a free to a postural position significantly increased tremor amplitude, while tremor frequency remained unchanged. The magnitude of postural tremor enhancement was primarily axis-dependent, with the largest relative increases observed along the Z-axis (approximately 130–217 %). No significant main effect of academic stress on tremor enhancement was detected. Anxiety level did not exert a global effect on tremor amplitude. However, exploratory correlation analysis revealed a mode­rate positive association between the DASS score and ΔAmplitude along the Z-axis of the non-dominant hand under the stress condition (Spearman ρ = 0.462, p = 0.040, n = 20). Conclusions. Postural enhancement of physiological tremor in female students is predominantly determined by biomechanical direction, particularly along the Z-axis. Anxiety appears to modulate direction-specific tremor responses under academic stress rather …
creator: Tetiana Korol
creator: Solomiia Bychkova
creator: Iryna Gnatchuk
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tetiana Korol, Solomiia Bychkova, Iryna Gnatchuk http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
volume: 20
number: 2
starting page: 137
ending page: 150
doi: 10.30970/sbi.2002.884

MICROBIAL BIOSTIMULANTS ENHANCE SOYBEAN YIELD AND SEED QUALITY UNDER HYDROTHERMAL STRESS IN ORGANIC FARMING
type: item
description: Background. In organic farming conditions under increasing frequency of hydrothermal stress, ensuring stable soybean yield and seed quality requires the use of biological preparations capable of activating plant adaptive mechanisms. The integrated application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and microbial biostimulants with phytohormonal activity may improve plant water status, reduce oxidative damage, and enhance seed biochemical composition. However, the effects of such multicomponent systems on yield structure components, seed protein, oil, and nitrogen content under variable hydrothermal conditions remain insufficiently studied. Materials and Methods. Field experiments were conducted in 2022–2024 under organic farming conditions in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine using the early-maturing soybean cv. Khorol. Eight treatment variants were evaluated: control, Profix, Violar, Mycofriend, Profix + Violar, Mycofriend + Profix, Mycofriend + Violar, and Mycofriend + Profix + Violar. Seed protein and oil content were determined by NIR spectroscopy; relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), abscisic acid (ABA), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed at the BBCH 61 stage. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test, Pearson correlation, and principal component analysis (PCA). Results. The highest yield (2.96–3.57 t/ha) and seed quality were recorded under the Mycofriend + Profix + Violar treatment across all years, exceeding the control by 40.6–59.1%. Seed protein content increased by up to 5.7 percentage points, and oil content reached 19.3 %. Yield gains were primarily driven by an increased number of seeds per plant (up to 130), while thousand-seed weight remained relatively stable. Under hydrothermal deficit in 2024, combined treatments maintained higher RWC (up to 91.9 %), lower MDA (-47.7 % vs. control), and reduced ABA accumulation, with strong correlations confirmed between RWC and yield …
creator: Tetiana Chaika
creator: Iryna Korotkova
creator: Victor Liashenko
creator: Anna Rybalchenko
creator: Olga Milenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tetiana Chaika, Iryna Korotkova, Victor Liashenko, Anna Rybalchenko, Olga Milenko http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
volume: 20
number: 2
starting page: 151
ending page: 166
doi: 10.30970/sbi.2002.889

MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS WITHIN THE LAMIIDS OF THE FLORA OF UKRAINE
type: item
description: Background. The morphological diversity of fruits, including their gynoecial structure, has been investigated within the lamiid clade in the flora of Ukraine. The aim was to reveal distinct fruit features in this clade and compare them with other eudicots. Materials and Methods. Fruit characteristics were extracted from numerous carpological sources. Gynoecial traits were also analyzed, including the number of carpels and ovules, ovary insertion, placentation, and vertical zonality. Carpological spectra were created for families, genera, and species of lamiids, and the species spectrum was compared with other eudicot clades. Results and Discussion. Morphological features of the fruit were documented for 22 families, 163 genera, and 741 species of lamiids. With few exceptions, fruits are dimerous and superior, with synascidiate and symplicate zones in the ovary, often with intrusive placentas that divide the ovary into locules. Five basic fruit types were recognized within the lamiids: capsule, berry, multi-seeded pyrenarium, schizocarp, and one-seeded fruit. In Oleaceae, Plantaginaceae, and Rubiaceae, three fruit types were identified. The most widespread fruit types among lamiids are schizocarps (41.0 %) and capsules (41.9 %). The carpological spectrum of lamiids differs markedly from other eudicot clades (fabids, malvids, and caryophyllids), showing the highest proportion of schizocarpic fruits and the lowest proportion of one-seeded fruits (3 %). However, the overall rate of one-seeded enveloped diaspores in lamiids (fruits and fruit parts) is high (44 %). Conclusions. These results align with previous findings on the narrow morphospace of lamiids in terms of gynoecium merosity, ovary insertion, and fruit type. Our data support the view of lamiids as a species-rich clade distinguished by the multiple origins of schizocarpic gynoecia and fruits, which split into four one-seeded semi-carpellary units. From an evolutionary perspective, lamiids of the flora of Ukrain…
creator: Anastasiya Odintsova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anastasiya Odintsova http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
volume: 20
number: 2
starting page: 167
ending page: 188
doi: 10.30970/sbi.2002.886

MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DIOSPYROS SPP. FRUITS FROM THE KHOROL BOTANICAL GARDEN COLLECTION
type: item
description: Background. The genus Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) comprises approximately 787 taxonomically recognised species, primarily distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Among the species introduced to Ukraine, D. kaki is the most widely cultivated, owing to its nutritionally valuable fruits, rich in sugars, antioxidants, and minerals. While D. kaki can tolerate winter temperatures down to -18 °C (and occasionally to -22 °C) in southern Ukraine, D. virginiana is the most frost-resistant species, tolerating temperatures as low as -37 °C, which enables its cultivation throughout the country. Hybrids of these species, developed in Ukraine, combine the large fruit size characteristic of D. kaki with the high winter hardiness of D. virginiana, thereby facilitating the northward expansion of high-quality persimmon cultivars. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted at the Khorol Botanical Garden (Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine) and included 18 persimmon genotypes. Plant material comprised D. virginiana seedlings and American cultivars (‘Early Golden’, ‘Meader’, ‘Prok’), alongside the Ukrainian interspecific hybrid ‘Sosnivska’. In 2025, morphometric analysis was performed on a randomly selected sample of 20 fruits per genotype. Measurements included fruit weight and linear parameters (height, diameter, and shape index), as well as seed dimensions (length, width, and thickness) and weight. Data were processed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) test was used to determine significant diffe­rences (p ≤ 0.05). Results. Significant morphological variability in fruit and seed characteristics was observed among the 18 studied genotypes. The ‘Sosnivska’ hybrid produced the largest and heaviest fruits, with a mean weight of 75.2 g, significantly exceeding all D. virginiana genotypes. Among the latter, ‘Prok’ exhibited the highest fruit weight (38.4 g), followed by ‘Krasotka’ and ‘Meader…
creator: Volodymyr Krasovskyi
creator: Volodymyr Mezhenskyj
creator: Liudmyla Mezhenska
creator: Taisiia Cherniak
creator: Maryna Diachenko-Bohun
creator: Tetyana Shkura
creator: Svitlana Pototska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Volodymyr Krasovskyi, Volodymyr Mezhenskyj, Liudmyla Mezhenska, Taisiia Cherniak, Maryna Diachenko-Bohun, Tetyana Shkura, Svitlana Pototska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
volume: 20
number: 2
starting page: 189
ending page: 202
doi: 10.30970/sbi.2002.875

BIOINDICATION OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL STATE BASED ON LONDON PLANE TREE (PLATANUS × ACERIFOLIA) POLLEN ANALYSIS
type: item
description: Background. The qualitative characteristics of pollen of the London plane tree, Platanus × acerifolia (Ait.) Willd., were studied for bioindication of the state of the urbani­zed environment based on the indicators of fertility and viability of pollen grains. Materials and Methods. Trees of the London plane, Platanus × acerifolia (Ait.) Willd., from Kyivska Street were selected as experimental plants. In the control variant, trees from a part of the Sofiyivka Park relatively isolated from technogenic load were used. Morphometric parameters of pollen, fertility and viability of mature pollen grains were analyzed using generally accepted methods. Statistical analysis of the obtained results was performed according to Ronald Fisher (Ronald Fisher, 2017) using Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results. According to the mean sizes of pollen grains (31.23 and 31.18 µm), the studied trees exhibited virtually no differences regardless of the place of growth. In both variants, fertility indicators were high (98.34 % – Kyivska Street and 96.55 % – Sofiyivka Park). However, in the variants of pollen germination in five- and ten-percent sucrose solutions, pollen from Kyivska Street was inferior in viability to pollen from the park by 19.36 and 20.00 %, respectively. Conclusion. The significant variation in the percentage of germinated pollen grains from trees growing under different air pollution conditions in Uman supports the potential use of Platanus × acerifolia pollen germination levels in 5 % and 10 % sucrose solutions as an indicator for urban air quality assessment.
creator: Volodymyr Hrabovyi
creator: Olga Opalko
creator: Nadiia Tsybrovska
creator: Alla Konopelko
creator: Anatoly Opalko
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Volodymyr Hrabovyi, Olga Opalko, Nadiia Tsybrovska, Alla Konopelko, Anatoly Opalko http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
volume: 20
number: 2
starting page: 203
ending page: 216
doi: 10.30970/sbi.2002.880

MOSS VEGETATION OF CLASS СЕRATODONTO PURPUREI-POLYTRICHЕTEA PILIFERI MOHAN 1978 IN NATURAL AND URBAN ECOSYSTEMS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
type: item
description: Background. Bryophyte vegetation and its classification are increasingly attracting the attention of both bryologists and geobotanists. Due to their morphological and biological organization, as well as their ecological-biological and ecological-coenotic features, bryophytes manifest their coenotic role in ecosystems in various ways. They may either constitute part of the general herbaceous cover as synusiae, or they form distinct bryocoenoses with different substrate specificities-epigeic, epiphytic, and epixylic-which are classified separately from vascular plant communities using the eco-floristic classification approach to Braun-Blanquet. At present, detailed studies of individual syntaxa of moss vegetation at the class level are becoming increasingly important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to charac­terize the class Ceratodonto purpurei-Polytrichеtea piliferi in natural and urban ecosystems of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. The material for this study consisted of geobotanical relevés of bryocoenoses belonging to this class of moss vegetation, identified within natural ecosystems of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine and urban ecosystems of several regional cities in the Left-Bank Dnipro Region. Bryophyte communities were classified according to the eco-floristic classification based on the Braun-Blanquet approach, following standard methodological guidelines. Data processing and analysis were carried out using JUICE.NET software and the updated version of the TWINSPAN algorithm. The classification scheme of moss vegetation was developed using leading classification systems proposed in Central and Western Europe, taking into account the results of our own research. The nomenclature of bryophytes follows “Prodromus of Spore Plants of Ukraine: Bryophytes” (Virchenko et al, 2022), while lichens’ nomenclature follows “Prodromus of Spore Plants: Lichens” (Kondratiuk et al, 2021). Results. Moss vegetation of the class Ceratodonto pur…
creator: Svitlana Hapon
creator: Yurii Hapon
creator: Lyubov Felbaba-Klushyna
creator: Andrii Bizilya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Svitlana Hapon, Yurii Hapon, Lyubov Felbaba-Klushyna, Andrii Bizilya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
volume: 20
number: 2
starting page: 217
ending page: 233
doi: 10.30970/sbi.2002.888