СОЦІАЛЬНА ПРИРОДА І НАСЛІДКИ НЕФОРМАЛЬНОЇ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ НАСЕЛЕННЯ.

Анотація

The article assesses the processes of employment in the labor market. This article studies the major theoretical approaches in the definition of informal employment. The aim of this article is to provide a critical overview of how informality employment of has been defined and measured, together with selected findings on its extent and character, and a summary of competing views regarding its role in contemporary economies and how it can be tackled. The outcome is a set of conceptual frameworks for understanding both the burgeoning literature on informal employment and how each of the perspectives is presented in this article. Functional weakness of formal institutions creates favorable conditions for the intensification of informal institutionalization, which can sometimes undermine or limit the order of functioning of formal institutions. It is proved that the relation of formal and informal regulation has at least three grades. Informal practices may: displace the formal rules, replacing them; occupy space free of formal regulation; break „not the letter but the spirit of the law”, using a legal instrument as a tool to achieve informal arrangements. We have come to the conclusion that the Formal and Informal exist separately, while using the term „sector”. But as soon as we enter into a discussion about the bureaucratic and non-bureaucratic management, then we notice the continuity of formal and informal orders. Since in the given article the general vector of studies of the informal economy is shifting from the structural to the institutional direction. Gathering statistics about who is engaged in underground (or crime) activities, the frequencies with which these activities are occurring and the magnitude of them, is crucial for making effective and efficient decisions regarding the allocations of a country’s resources in this area. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to get accurate information about these underground (or as a subset informal economy) activities on the goods and labor market, because all individuals engaged in these activities wish not to be identified. Hence, the estimation of the informal economy activities can be considered as a scientific passion for knowing the unknown.